History of Popular Culture—Week 4, Assignment 3
Music between 1964 and 1982 underwent widespread changes with the introduction of new technologies and change in political situations in America. From the advent of the synthesizer to the Vietnam War, musical artists across the nation had much to explore, new avenues of opportunity and creativity. It was a time of great experimentation, musically and otherwise.
One musical development of this period were girl groups. Previously, all-girl groups were not given much serious consideration. They were considered nonsense acts, and indeed usually sung nonsensical songs in silly voices. The Shirelles’ “Will You Love Me Tomorrow?” won widespread acclaim in 1960, paving the way for other the music as a style to gain popularity. However, only a few groups successfully survived the demise of this phenomenon. Groups such as The Supremes and Martha and the Vandellas were able to successfully transition their sounds to incorporate the new sound of soul.
Soul music’s rise to popularity in the 50s continued through the 60s, with artists such as Percy Sledge, Aretha Franklin, Howard Tate, Al Green, and Smokey Robinson. The musical style was popularized in great part due to the music of Motown artists such as Stevie Wonder, Gladys Knight, and Marvin Gaye. Peter Guralnick, in a chapter of The Rolling Stone Illustrated History of Rock & Roll entitled Soul, stated that the genre’s demise coincided with the assassination of Martin Luther King. “More than anything else, though, what seems to me to have brought the era of soul to a grinding, unsettling halt was the death of Martin Luther King in April of 1968,” he said.
The late ’60s saw the rise in the psychedelic sound. In 1966, Jefferson Airplane and 13h Floor Elevators were the first to market their albums, Takes Off and Psychedelic Sounds of the 13th Floor Elevators, respectively, as “psychedelic.” The psychedelic sound has been characterized as trying to emulate the feelings and mind-altering effects experienced while high on drugs, such as marijuana and LSD. Influential albums that were key in bringing psychedelic rock into mainstream popular music and culture included Jimi Hendrix’s Are You Experienced, Pink Floyd’s Piper at the Gates of Dawn, and the Beatles’ Magical Mystery Tour.
Country rock came onto the national music scene in the early to mid 1970s, with artists such as Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young, Merle Haggard, Creedence Clearwater Revival, and even The Grateful Dead all releasing distinctly country-influenced albums. ZZ Top and the Allman Brothers Band are considered the inventors of the southern rock sound, stemming from country rock’s influence.
More notably, disco was introduced. In 1975, it began its ascent to popularity with hit songs like The Hustle by Van McCoy and Love to Love You, Baby by Donna Summers. Artists such as The Village People, Bee Gees, K.C. and the Sunshine Band, Gloria Gaynor, Kool and the Gang and Sister Sledge saw great success in this highly popular genre of music.
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