Archive for November 2006

The rock and roll era

History of Popular Culture—Week 3, Assignment 3

Elements of rock and roll can be found in music as early as the 1920s, but it was the late 1940s when rock and roll, known then as R&B (rhythm and blues), first began to emerge as its own genre of music. It became known as rock and roll in the early 1950s, a phrase said to be coined by Cleveland, Ohio, disc jockey Alan Freed.

Rock and roll, or simply rock, was heavily influenced by many different musical styles that preceded it. “Early rock and roll combined elements of blues, boogie woogie, jazz and rhythm and blues, and is also influenced by traditional folk music, gospel music, black and white, and country and western.” 1 Along with the styles of music, the lifestyles of the music also combined to form a new musical culture.

As a result, this new entity called rock and roll, or simply rock, was often attributed to social decay. The phrase “sex, drugs, and rock and roll” became a popular rhetorical figure of speech among older generations in the 1950s to characterize the younger Silent Generation’s way of life.

The older generations’ concerns about the effects of rock in the younger generations’ lives was apparent in the sensationalized lives of some of rock’s most popular musicians. Although the exact cause of Elvis Presley’s is still unknown, he was found dead in his own vomit, likely as a result of anaphylactic shock brought on by the fourteen drugs found in his system during his autopsy. Guitarist, singer and song-writer Chuck Berry was imprisoned for five years under the Mann Act when a 14-year-old Apache waitress he brought to work at his nightclub was arrested for prostitution.


  1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origins_of_rock_and_roll [back]

Downstyle decision

After noticing that a few of my headlines on this site were inconsistent with others, I decided to use exclusively downstyle headlines, “[a] headline style that capitalizes only the first word and proper nouns.”

This style makes sense to me. While it may not be as sensational, it is clearer and more easily understood.

Downstyle contrasts capitalizing every word in a headline, not just the first word and proper nouns. An example of this can be seen on the News-Miner’s Web site in the “Associated Press national headlines” box in the right sidebar.

Site sidebar changes

I’ve made a few more changes to this site, all in the sidebar:

  1. Under the Categories heading, categories listed now have the number of posts in that category listed in parentheses.
  2. Beneath the Categories section, I’ve added a Recent posts section. In this section, links can be found to the last ten posts I’ve made to this blog, in all categories.
  3. Although it is not very impressive now, the list of monthly archives, found under the Archives heading, also has the number of posts for a given month listed in parentheses next to the name of the month.
  4. A Meta section has been added. It includes links to register a new account and login to an existing account. Once logged in, and if the account has appropriate permissions, there is a link to the administration panel.

Revisiting my career portfolio

Strategies for Online Learning—Week 3, Assignment 3

Samples of Web site design work:

Transcripts of past college work:

  • Unofficial transcripts from University of Alaska Fairbanks
  • Transcript from Frontier High School

Writing samples:

  • The God-shaped Hole: a Christian look at Jung’s theory of the collective unconscious
  • Knowledge of the Heart: a study of the futility of human wisdom
  • The Joy of the Lord

Diplomas, degrees, certificates:

  • Diploma, Frontier High School

Newsletters:

  • Company-wide newsletter mention for Web site traffic record

Cold War culture television show treatment

History of Popular Culture—Week 3, Assignment 2

Write a treatment for a television show that would portray the values of the “Cold War Culture”. What is the setting, story, and cast of characters?

Setting:

  • 1963 Studebaker Wagonaire
  • U.S. Highway 20
  • Just west of Waterloo, Iowa

Cast:

The Burns family

  • Father, “George”
  • Mother, “Marion”
  • Son, “Timmy”
  • Daughter, “Violet”

Story:

The Burns are driving from their Cedar Rapids, Iowa, home to spend Thanksgiving with Aunt Betsy, George’s sister, in the family’s 1963 Studebaker Wagonaire.

The Burns family has been driving west on U.S. Highway 20 for two hours past corn, wheat and barley fields. The children are bored in the back seat, blankly staring out the window. George, agitated after yelling at the kids for their constant bickering, grimaces as he thinks of the two hours of driving left before the family reaches his sister’s house in Sioux Falls. His wife Marion sits quietly in the front passenger’s seat, knitting an afghan for Aunt Betsy and wishing that her husband was not so cross with their children.

The road stretches on before them, straight as an arrow for miles and miles. The only interruption of the horizon is a large combine slowly harvesting wheat in a distant field.

12-year-old Timmy breaks the silent monotony when he exclaims excitedly that he’s just spotted two low-flying planes. Violet, his 8-year-old sister, unbuckles and climbs across the seat to see. George, weary of the children, tries to drown them out as he reaches to turn up the radio. He hears the planes roar overhead, but doesn’t pay any attention to it because “I Walk The Line” has just come on the radio.

Suddenly, over Johnny Cash’s voice, the family hears an awful sound of metal against metal, followed by an enormous explosion only 50 yards before them, just south of the road. The combine that had been far in distance erupts into flames. As they approach, the family’s station wagon is rocked by the explosion and pelted by bits of glass and large shrapnel. A tire pops, followed by loud “clang,” as George pilots the Wagonaire through the debris on the road and cloud of smoke in the air.

George slams on the vehicle’s brakes and screeches to a halt, hearing the rear driver’s side tireless rim grating on the pavement. He hears the planes pulling up on their yokes, circling around. During the sudden stop, his glasses fell on the floor, so he cannot see well, but he knows all too well what is happening.

Seeing a bridge over a small creek, he quickly pulls the vehicle off the road and under the bridge. Marion, the mother, and 8-year-old Violet are told to “sit tight” in the car.

Worried about the determined look in his eyes, Marion urges her husband to drive back to Webster City to get help, but he cuts her complaints short. A veteran infantryman of World War II, he knows every moment could decide their fate. He tells Timmy to come with him as he hurries to the back of the car, moves a few boxes, and fishes out of his suitcase his loaded .45 caliber revolver. He crouches behind the car and watches as the two planes circle around. He hands Timmy the hatchet that is always kept in the emergency box, and tells him only to use it if he is threatened.

The two planes fly over the burning combine once more before circling once again. Seeing the planes flying directly toward the family’s car, 50 feet above the ground, George takes aim at them, waiting until they come into range.

But instead of continuing toward the parked car, the two planes lightly touch down on the road, stopping near the burning wreckage. Surprised but still determined to protect his family, George whispers to Timmy to stay where he is, then quietly runs toward the planes and the burning combine.

As he approaches, George stops when he realizes that the planes are not what he expected. Although he knew that the Soviets had used a few biplanes in the War, these were different. They were both bright red and bore no Soviet markings, as he had expected. He recognized them as Stearmans, planes used to train pilots during the War.

The pilots jumped out of the aircraft and ran over to the burning combine, apparently to render aid. Both are dressed in baggy overalls with no shirts underneath. One has a greasy ball cap backwards on his head.

Relieved, George runs, now in the open, to help the men look for a survivor of the accident. As he runs, he resets the safety on the .45 and tucks the weapon into the back of his trowsers.

Sources:

Compare the setting, story, and characters with present-day versions of these shows.

I really don’t watch much TV, but the one show I have watched that even remotely resembles this storyline is Alias. In a few episodes, Jack Bristow, a CIA agent, is suspected of being a double agent for the KGB during the Cold War era. Later in his life, he discovers that it was actually his wife was the Soviet spy.

During the Cold War era, suspicion of espionage was rampant. The first hint of something amiss was often attributed to communism—from widespread drug use to promiscuity. In the above narrative, the protagonist, George, assumes that the explosion he witnessed was an attack before accepting that it was an accident.

Filtering your thoughts

Strategies for Online Learning—Week 3, Assignment 2

Post a detailed list of the results that you expect from your program of study and what you expect to get by receiving this education.

  • Design principles
  • Graphic design
  • User interface design
  • Human/computer interaction
  • Web applications: scripting and programming
  • Database design
  • Information architecture
  • Specific technologies: XHTML, CSS, XML, Javascript, PHP, MySQL, RoR
  • Web 2.0 practices: AJAX

Do you expect any differences in your online program of study from that of attending a traditional classroom?

Only that I can choose when I attend class.

In addition, discuss what career options currently are available to you and what you want your career to look like when you graduate.

I am currently employed in my field of study. Hopefully, when I graduate I will be more valuable to my employer (and thus get paid more). I also hope to make myself more marketable to other potential employers.

Summarizing lecture material

Strategies for Online Learning—Week 3, Assignment 1

Using the material and tips from the lectures and your textbook, you will summarize a week’s worth of lecture materials. The lecture material can be from this class or one you have previously taken, use the following guidelines:

  • Your notes should include the three techniques presented in your reading this week which are the outline, Cornell or split-page method, and the mapping system.
  • Your notes should take up no more than a page and a half and preferably be under one page in length.
  • In your notes, include how many pages of lectures are represented by your summary.
  • If you are not taking any other classes, contact your Facilitator and they will allow you to summarize a week from this class.

I found it easiest to use a text editor—namely, Notepad++—for creating my outline. I don’t do well with paper; too often, I lose it. The materials were already summarized, so that was easy. I didn’t feel that this process was helpful to me, because I already know that I work best with an outline. I remember similar assignments to this one from high school.

Outline method

The American Craftsman Movement

  • Gustav Stickley was inspired to publish his magazine The Craftsman.
    • The American Craftsman movement was born out of the British Arts and Crafts movement.
    • As a leading member and spokesman of the American Craftsman movement, Gustav Stickley originally founded The Craftsman to document and expound upon the philosophy of the British Arts and Crafts movement.
    • As the periodical evolved, it became the voice of the American movement.
    • In all likelihood, Stickley was inspired to publish his magazine to preserve a record of the thought behind the crafts movements.
    • He wanted to share his opinions and document the progression of art- and craft-related trades.
    • He also probably made some money on advertisements.
  • The architecture style promoted by the magazine was popular among the people of the time.
    • Americans grew to love the American Craftsman style, which Stickley’s periodical promoted.
    • Its original, simple form appealed to many.
    • The natural, local materials and visibility of the handicraft involved in such style helped to bring dignity to even the most modest homes of the quickly growing middle class.
  • The American Craftsman style as a movement was the result of the generation in which it was born.
    • The American Craftsman movement was born of social changes occuring at the time.
    • The “breakfast nook,” for example, was before the movement unheard of.
    • Victorian style dictated that the kitchen should be entirely removed from daily life; it was the place of servants, and an aristocratic family member was not to be seen there.
    • Conversely, in the Craftsman era household, the wife prepared meals.
    • Instead of hiding the kitchen, it became the heart of the home.
    • “The breakfast nook often placed under a window or in its own bay provided a place for the family to gather at any time of the day or evening, particularly while food was being prepared.”

Split-page method

The American Craftsman Movement

Gustav Stickley was inspired to publish his magazine The Craftsman. The American Craftsman movement was born out of the British Arts and Crafts movement. As a leading member and spokesman of the American Craftsman movement, Gustav Stickley originally founded The Craftsman to document and expound upon the philosophy of the British Arts and Crafts movement. As the periodical evolved, it became the voice of the American movement.

In all likelihood, Stickley was inspired to publish his magazine to preserve a record of the thought behind the crafts movements. He wanted to share his opinions and document the progression of art- and craft-related trades. He also probably made some money on advertisements.
The architecture style promoted by the magazine was popular among the people of the time. Americans grew to love the American Craftsman style, which Stickley’s periodical promoted. Its original, simple form appealed to many. The natural, local materials and visibility of the handicraft involved in such style helped to bring dignity to even the most modest homes of the quickly growing middle class.
The American Craftsman style as a movement was the result of the generation in which it was born. The American Craftsman movement was born of social changes occuring at the time. The “breakfast nook,” for example, was before the movement unheard of. Victorian style dictated that the kitchen should be entirely removed from daily life; it was the place of servants, and an aristocratic family member was not to be seen there. Conversely, in the Craftsman era household, the wife prepared meals. Instead of hiding the kitchen, it became the heart of the home. “The breakfast nook often placed under a window or in its own bay provided a place for the family to gather at any time of the day or evening, particularly while food was being prepared.”

Mapping system

The American Craftsman Movement

Click image to see larger version.

SOL Week 3, Assignment 1: mind map

The Beat Movement

Criticism and anticonformity in literature and poetry

History of Popular Culture—Week 3, Assignment 1

Analyze assigned excerpts from Beat novels and poetry (Allen Ginsburg, William S Burroughs, Jack Kerouac) and discuss how they reflected counter-culture ideals.

In On The Road, Sal’s criminal tendencies are a stark contrast to the 1950s picture of poodle skirts, slicked-back hair, and drive-in movies. The boys’ irreverance for societal norms also show a major difference from the traditional values of the 1950s nuclear family. Their spontaneity shows a lack of vision and direction; most members of the previous generation dreamed of graduating high school and progressing to college to obtain a degree.

The quintessential 1950s male college student is viewed unfavorably in Burrough’s Naked Lunch.

Young, good looking, crew cut, Ivy League,advertising exec type fruit holds the door back for me. I am evidently his idea of a character. You know the type comes on with bartenders and cab drivers, talking about right hooks and the Dodgers, call the counterman in Nedick’s by his first name. A real asshole.

Ginsberg’s HOWL certainly defies social norms when he writes of bashing open skulls and eating brains, “cocksucker” and “granite cocks.” He specifically tried to aggravate.

What are specific characteristics of the Beat Movement?

  • Critical anticonformity
  • Dedication to spontaneity
  • Open form composition
  • Subjectivity
  • “New bohemian ecstatic epicureanism”

Sources:

Television shows and mass culture

History of Popular Culture—Week 3, Assignment 1

After watching one episode of “I Love Lucy” or “The Honeymooners,” discuss how television shows such as these helped to develop a new mass culture in America.

I Love Lucy was the most popular sitcom on television during its 1950s air time. On January 19, 1953, 44 million viewers—68% of American television sets—were tuned to the show to watch Lucy give birth to her and fellow actor and real-life husband Desi Arnaz’s son. Between 1952 and 1958, the show and its cast were nominated for or won 22 Emmy awards.

The show’s popularity was due mostly to its humanity: the actors’ and actresses’ ability to connect with their audiences, blending absurdity with believability.

Perhaps the key lies with the show’s mastery of the graceful transition from sense to nonsense. Each episode opens with a plausible situation (home economy, child rearing, postdating a check) thrown awry with exaggerated absurdity (Lucy is starched, frozen, stuffed with chocolate, locked in a trunk, and lowered to the deck of a ship by helicopter, just to name a few). Yet somehow, Lucy never seems to lose touch with the audience - the show is human, and so are we.

http://www.tvland.com/shows/lucy/

Such popularity in the hearts and minds of Americans led to the show’s adoption into millions of homes in the United States. Watching the show was a shared experience to which the general public could relate. I Love Lucy contributed to the mass culture of American television through its pervasiveness into American homes, its commonality in American life.

How do these early sitcoms differ from those that are new and popular today?

In I Love Lucy, episodes were individually contained. The development of characters was kept to a minimum, and any conflict introduced during the episode was resolved by the episode’s end. In contrast to soap operas, which targeted daytime audiences, typically stay-at-home moms, there were no underlying plots or character developments.

Today, however, there are popular situational comedies that not only have encapsulated conflict-resolution pairs, but also feature character developments and subplots.

Friends, an immensely popular US sitcom of the 1990s-2000s, had an overall story arc similar to that of soap operas. In addition to using traditional sitcom stories, which were introduced and resolved in the same episode, the show always had two or three ongoing stories taking place at any given point in the show’s run. Friends also used other soap opera elements such as regularly resorting to an end-of-season cliffhanger and gradually developing the relationships of the characters over the course of the series.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situation_comedy#Characteristics

Will these sitcoms be as famous today as they were when introduced?

(I’m actually not sure what this question is asking, but I will assume that it means, “If these sitcoms—I Love Lucy or The Honeymooners—were introduced today, would they be as popular as when they were introduced?)

No, they would not be popular now if they were introduced to today’s television world. The ideas and ideals of the shows are too traditional to survive today’s “progressive” thought and editorial process: there are no gays or lesbians; there is no sexual innuendo or suggestion; their values were far more conservative than today’s popular beliefs, ie. Ricky and Lucy sleeping in separate beds. While the idea of a woman working and her husband staying home is acceptable today, it was highly unusual in the 1950s.

If you were to launch these shows today, what changes would you make in them and why?

In order to make them a better fit to today’s society, I would think that these changes needed to be made:

  • Wardrobe would be updated to reflect today’s styles
  • Husbands would have better-paying jobs
  • Single beds shared by married couples
  • Wives would have jobs
  • Children (Little Ricky) would go to daycare or school

Realistically, though, I can’t imagine changing I Love Lucy or The Honeymooners. The two are so ingrained in American culture as they are that I wouldn’t want to change them at all.

Sources:

Final project: Week 2 research

History of Popular Culture—Week 2, Assignment 4

Analyze the characteristics of the medium from 1929 to 1946, how these characteristics influenced the events of the time, and vice versa. Also note how these events were influenced by the events or developments in other media of the time.

Swing music began to develop during the 1920s and became recognized as its own style of jazz by about 1935. It can be recognized by its strong rhythms and distinctive swing-time rhythm that is common to many forms of jazz.

Swing music is characterized by an uplifting, happy sound, typically played in a major key. Its popularity grew rapidly during the height of the depression, a time when many looked for ways to escape their unfavorable conditions. The music helped in that escape. Its happy melodies and upbeat tempo and rhythms lifted the spirits of those who heard it.

The relationship between swing music and the Great Depression was mutually beneficial; while swing music’s popularity grew because of the Depression and its effects on people of the time, the music itself affected the Depression, cheering many with the vibrancy and energy associated with it.

The Jitterbug style of dancing was a result of the new style of music. Swing’s fast tempos lent themselves well to an equally energetic style of dance, and many new dances were invented at the time: the Lindy Hop, East Coast Swing, West Coast Swing, and the Cajun Jitterbug.